AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE HAZARD SUMMARY …
* Ammonium Perchlorate may affect the kidneys. * Ammonium Perchlorate is a HIGHLY REACTIVE CHEMICAL and a DANGEROUS EXPLOSION HAZARD. IDENTIFICATION Ammonium Perchlorate is an odorless, white, sand-like powder. It is used in analytical chemistry and as an etching and engraving agent. It is also used as an animal fattening agent and in explosives.
Discovery, use and harm of ammonium perchlorate in nature ...
Ammonium perchlorate is distributed throughout the body through the bloodstream that passes to the kidneys to later be eliminated through the urine. Approximately 10 minutes after exposure, the body begins to eliminate most of the perchlorate through the kidneys, but not all of it, with the thyroid gland being the main organ that can be affected.
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Amateur Rocketry Motor (Engine) Propellant
The three most common types of propellants are compressed powder, usually black powder, sugar propellant (most commonly sucrose, dextrose and most recently, sorbitol) and composite propellant using ammonium nitrate or ammonium perchlorate as the oxidizer and a powdered metal (usually aluminum or magnesium) as the fuel).
Magnalium - PyroGuide - PyroData
This is done by boiling the magnalium in a 5% potassium dichromate solution. Adding fine potassium dichromate powder to such compositions may also help. Take note that military flash bangs use Ammonium perchlorate and magnesium mixtures, but making these is only to be attempted by experienced pyrotechnicians.
(PDF) Prediction of Particle Size of Ammonium Perchlorate ...
Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to study the influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill speed, classifier speed, feed rate ...
Spherical boron powders prepared by mechanical milling in ...
Spherical boron powders with sizes ranging from 4 to 100 μm were prepared by ball milling a commercial boron powder. A planetary mill was used with a process control agent consisting of two immiscible fluids: hexane and acetonitrile. The spherical powders formed when the volume of the loaded boron was close to that of acetonitrile in presence ...
Perchlorate: Health Effects and Technologies for Its ...
1. Introduction. The perchlorate anion consists of a tetrahedral array of oxygen atoms around a central chlorine atom. Perchlorate is usually found as the anion component of a salt most often associated with cations such as ammonium, sodium, or potassium.
What is the best mix for making flash powder using ...
Answer (1 of 3): Are you into 19th century Daguerrotypes? The suggested ratios are 5 parts potassium nitrate, to 3 parts aluminium powder, to 2 parts sulfur. Ignition ...
Ammonium Perchlorate|CAS No.|AP manufacturer
Product parameters. English name: Ammonium Perchlorate Chinese another name: CAS RN： 1. Product Profile Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is white crystal, soluble in water and hygroscopic. It is a kind of strong oxidizers. When AP is mixed with reducing agent, organics, inflammable materials, such as, sulfur, phosphorus or metal powder, the mixture can caused the risk of ...
air classifying mill ammonium perchlorate - YouTube
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Ammonium perchlorate | NH4ClO4 - PubChem
. Create. . Ammonium perchlorate appears as a white, crystalline solid or powder. Classified as a division 1.1 explosive if powdered into particles smaller than 15 microns in diameter or if powdered into larger particles but thoroughly dried. Does not readily burn, but will burn if contaminated by combustible material.
4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION
of ammonium perchlorate is 123.8 kJ/mol below 240 °C, 79.1 kJ/mol above 240 °C, and 307.1 kJ/mol between 400 and 440 °C (Mendiratta et al. 1996). The production volume of ammonium perchlorate far
Method of producing ground fraction of ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium perchlorate is fed into a jet mill by a feeding screw with capacity of 300 kg/h. The height of the ammonium perchlorate layer in the hopper over the inlet part of the feeding screw is kept not less than 100 mm. The ammonium perchlorate is fed by an air stream formed by two gas pumps for grinding into a grinding chamber, separated into ...
Preparation of B/Nitrocellulose/Fe particles and their ...
Furthermore, B/NC/Fe particles were added into Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)/Ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellants as additives to test their combustion performance. The burning rate of propellants in air and closed bomb were both improved by 8.20% and 117%, respectively.
Enhanced performance blasting agent - United Technologies ...
The aluminum powder increases the thermochemical heat release during explosion, the sodium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate act as oxidizers. The composition may be prepared by first melting the petroleum wax, generally at a temperature of from about 140° to 150° F. The aluminum powder is admixed into the melted wax with stirring.
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Synthesis of CuO nanopowders by high-energy ball-milling ...
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a very labile species composed of the perchlorate ion ClO − 4, with chlorine in an oxidation state of +7.The high oxygen content and good thermal stability of perchlorates have made them indispensable ingredients for the pyrotechnics industry and key ingredients in solid rocket propellants [].AP-based composite solid propellants require combustion modifiers to ...
US4414021A - Process for the synthesis of iron powder ...
A process for preparing iron powder suitable for use in preparing the iron-potassium perchlorate heat-powder fuel mixture used in thermal batteries, comprises preparing a homogeneous, dense iron oxide hydroxide precipitate by homogeneous precipitation from an aqueous mixture of a ferric salt, formic or sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide and urea as precipitating agent; and then reducing the ...
Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Flash powder detonation ...
A series of hazard classification tests were conducted on ammonium perchlorate, nominal 200 micron size, packed in 30 gallon, 20 Ga. steel drums with bolted ring closures, each container containing approximately 250 lbs. of material. Tests using a S94 squib and 2 oz. of FFF black powder resulted in NO explosion,
The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate …
The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with Al and Zn metallic particles was studied at different heating rates in dry air atmosphere and the combustion behavior of AP/Al/Zn propellant was evaluated. The exothermic reaction kinetics was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) in non-isothermal conditions and compare with the thermal decomposition of pure AP and AP ...
Development of an Indian Ramjet Powered Artillery Round ...
Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) & Ammonium Perchlorate(AP) : The PTFE is the activator or the material with the lowest melting temperature(~300 deg C). A 155mm artillery gun has a muzzle velocity of over Mach 2. Air rushing in through the inlets will easily heat up beyond 300 deg C.
Ammonium perchlorate | PyroData
Ammonium perchlorate is usually bought from chemical suppliers or from dedicated pyro suppliers. Fine ammonium perchlorate powder is a regulated substance in most countries and cannot easily be bought or transported. Since it is such a useful chemical in pyrotechnics it can be worth the time and effort to try to prepare it at home.
CN104607292A - Crushed particle size control method of ...
because ammonium perchlorate is for containing energy explosive material, its pulverizing can not use conventional mechanical milling method, can only use comminution by gas stream---comprise flat...
COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELANTS | Aircraft Technology
Ammonium perchlorate is the most widely used today. It is characterised by high heat, is a good gas producer (not a smoke producer), percent of oxygen by weigh: 34 percent, specific gravity: 1.9. Potassium perchlorate is used for fast burning rates.
Method of producing ground fraction of ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium perchlorate is fed into a jet mill by a feeding screw with capacity of 300 kg/h. The height of the ammonium perchlorate layer in the hopper over the inlet part of the feeding screw is kept not less than 100 mm. The ammonium perchlorate is fed …
(PDF) Application of Amorphous Boron Granulated With ...
Amorphous boron powder granulated with HTPB, whose particle diameter could be controlled, was prepared by mechanical mill method. It was found that amorphous boron …
CuO/PbO Nanocomposite: Preparation and Catalysis for ...
1. Introduction. With the ongoing advances in nanotechnology, nanoscale transition-metal oxides have gained much attention in the field of catalyzing ammonium perchlorate (AP) and AP-based propellants in recent years. 1,2 Nanocatalysts exhibit better catalytic effects than traditional catalysts, owing to their small particle size, large specific surface area, and an abundance of catalytic ...
THE HISTORY OF SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKETRY: WHAT …
motors. Ammonium perchlorate replaced potassium perchlorate as an oxidizer in the late 1940's, and binders were developed. Discoveries important in the evolution of large solid-propellant motors appear to have resulted from innovators' education and skills, an exposure to contemporary problems, an awareness of theory but a
Technical Fact Sheet - Perchlorate
Perchlorate may occur naturally, particularly in arid regions such as the southwestern United States (Rao and others 2007). Manufactured forms of perchlorate include perchloric acid and salts such as ammonium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate and potassium …